Critical infrastructures are present in many sectors of the economy: banking and financial activities, transport and distribution, energy and telecommunications. In accordance with the European Union, critical infrastructures (CI) are "those goods, hardware, information technology systems, networks, services and assets whose disruption or destruction could have a major impact on health, security or economic well being of citizens or on the functioning of governments."

Currently, there is a growing interest worldwide in the development of efficient security systems to ensure the continuity of these critical infrastructures. While experts are still focusing on the physical security of these assets, a new type of threat has emerged: cybernetic threats. The emergence and spread of the Internet, together with the increasing development of information and communication technologies, especially in the last decade, have contributed to the exponential growth of virtual and intangible threats, which are not less dangerous than traditional ones.